The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. Occupational health occupational medicine psychiatric status rating scales. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads for gps by. Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. The objectives of this study were to present some psychometric properties of the hads on a large sample of french employees. The depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life.
Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. Research pdf available april 2015 with 2,187 reads. The center for epidemiologic studies depression scale cesd, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. A large literature is citable in support of its validity, but difficulties are increasingly being identified, such as inexplicably discrepant optimal cutpoints and inconsistent factorstructures. The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads detects states of anxiety and depression in an adult population. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. It is presented as an easy to use questionnai re which allows to establish the presence and. Other than physically ill individuals, the hads is also used with community samplespopulations. Validation of the french depression anxiety stress scales dass21 and predictors of depression in an adolescent mauritian population. Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format. Jul 27, 2014 the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the. Frontiers symptoms of anxiety and depression in young. To evaluate the accuracy of the depression subscale of hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd in spine surgery, comparing it to beck depression inventory bdi. Ed physicians were blind to the hads score and were asked to declare whether they perceived anxiety and depression in each patient. Bgp article hospital anxiety and depression had scale.
Read online hospital anxiety and depression scale hads book pdf free download link book now. Overall, it has demonstrated satisfactory psychometric. It is suggested that the introduction of the scales into general hospital practice would. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. Depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety depression scale hads is widely used as a screening measure for psychological distress.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. I how are the factor structure, discriminant validity and the internal consistency of hads. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used in several languages to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results. Among the most commonly encountered of these conditions are anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads instructions. This is a self screening questionnaire for depression and anxiety. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice.
Read each item and place a firm tick in the box opposite the reply which. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. However, uk normative data from hads remain limited. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. Objective the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used to screen for anxiety and depression. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. Accuracy of the hospital anxiety and depression scale as a screening tool in cancer patients.
The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and. Pdf the validity of the hospital anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. Often, these studies report results from a small range of cutoff thresholds. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder. Regarding the analysis of age on the anxiety and depression subscales, age groups were classified as follows. Hads officially distributed by mapi research trust eprovide. Aug 01, 2003 the hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. Problems in crosscultural use of the hospital anxiety and. However uk normative data from hads remains limited.
Anxiety, emotional processing and depression in people with. A two dimension scale developed to identify depression and anxiety among physically ill patients. Read each item and circle the reply which comes closest to. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads pdf book. Pdf a validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. To reduce the risk of a false positive bias, the scale does not assess symptoms of anxiety and depression related to. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a. It is used extensively in france, but has never been the subject of a full study in a population at work. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. It consists of two subscales, anxiety and depression 5. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population.
The translation and evaluation of an urdu version of the hospital anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and. The aim of the current study was to explore relationships between the domains of mood, emotional processing and coping and to analyse how. A 14item scale divided into two subscales, anxiety and depression, each one comprising 7 items depression for even items and anxiety for odd ones.
Psychometric properties of the hospital anxiety and. One of the most widely used measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms in general medical settings, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 912, is also used commonly in critical illness survivors 2,57,12. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the. Supplement of brief questionnaires could improve the diagnostic accuracy of gps for these common mental disorders. Many existing hadsd studies have used exploratory methods to select optimal cutoffs. Introduction the depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd has been recommended for depression screening in medically ill patients. Although the bai appears to be less correlated with depression scales than the stai, correlations with depression scales remain substantial e. The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and ease. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population volume 179 issue 6 arnstein mykletun, eystein stordal, alv a. The respondent rates each item on a 4point scale ranging from 0 absence to 3 extreme presence. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine.
The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Pdf validation of the french depression anxiety stress. This study examines the psychometric properties of a brief selfreport measure of anxiety and depression, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 4, in a sample of veterans evaluated in a department of veterans affairs va polytraumatbi clinic. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. Hospital anxiety and depression scale in adolescents twa i depression sub scale. The patient should be instructed not to take too long over their replies. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi ety in the setting of an.
The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of. Scores are derived by summing responses for each of the two subscales or for the scale as a whole. The hads was administered to 521 participants 275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients of the internal medicine and surgical departments in attikon general hospital in athens. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a frequently used selfrating scale developed to assess psychological distress in nonpsychiatric patients. This tool has been translated and validated in many countries and its capacity to detect anxiety and depressive disorders is widely recognized. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. A selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety in the setting of an hospital medical outpatient clinic. The depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. Beck 1996 beck depression inventory, harcourt 21item depression inventory, using 5point response scale based on the bdi. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. In a crosssectional study, the hadsd and the bdi were applied to patients undergoing spine surgery for lumbar n9 or cervical spondylosis n17.
Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content. Place an x on the answer that best describes how you have been feeling during the last week. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. Please visit proqolideprovide for more information. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a valid. From scores on the hospital anxiety and depression scale only 178 46% would be regarded as free from anxiety, with 100 25% scoring as borderline cases and 111 29% likely to be experiencing. To adapt the scale for chilean cancer patients, we used the spanish version 31 of the original scale 27. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. This article examines whether these problems could be due to the construction of the. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hospital anxiety and depression score hads this questionnaire helps your physician to know how you are feeling.
Ii how does hads perform as a case finder for anxiety disorders and depression. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Assessment of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Pdf background the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. Hospital anxiety and depression scale rehabmeasures database. The hads is a selfadministered measure with 14 items in total that. Reliability and factor structure of the hospital anxiety.
Severity of illness index surveys and questionnaires. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics. Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. However studies on this topic are almost nonexistent in france. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items. Anxiety and depression are considered as frequent disorders in endstage renal disease patients. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is an instrument designed to detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale ncbi. Each of the three dass21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content.
The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. Anxiety diagnosis anxiety disordersdiagnosis depression diagnosis hospitals. The depressive and anxiety sub scales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each containing seven questions. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research.
General practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in a large sample of french employees. Despite the high comorbidity of anxiety and depression in people with multiple sclerosis ms, little is known about their interrelationships. Anxiety and depression are unrecognised in emergency patients. Both involve emotional perturbations and the way in which emotions are processed is likely central to both. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads depression only study identification tool comparator caseness population results lowe et al. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression.
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